Destiny Vera
Maria Arellano
Madison O’canto
Period: 3
Annotated Bibliography
Secondary sources:
Boyer, Paul S. The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People. 6th ed. Boston: Houghton, 2008. Print.
This source laid out the events leading up to the forced desegregation of the Little Rock Nine. The Election of 1952 with Eisenhower taking office led to his big civil rights movement act to allow the students to be permitted. He was responsible for enacting the movement paying the way for future laws of having every persons rights not obstructed, especially with voting, no matter their race.
Brown, Robbie. "Jefferson Thomas, 67; helped integrate Little Rock school." New York Times 7 Sept. 2010: A18(L). World History in Context. Web. 15 Jan. 2014.
This source tells the story of Jefferson Thomas who was one of the 9 students to transfer to an all white school in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957. The article explains the story of his life and journey through the struggle of the segregation as well as explaining the places it lead him later on in his life.
"Daisy Lee Bates." Civil Rights in the United States. Ed. Waldo E. Martin, Jr. and Patricia Sullivan. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. U.S. History in Context. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.
This source is about Civil Rights activist Daisy Lee Bates widow of L.C. bates, explaining her struggle with her work with counseling the students of the Little Rock 9. The challenges and successes are all gathered within the article in order to focus on how she contributed towards the stories told of the students.
"Integration of Central High School." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.
<http://www.history.com/topics/central-high-school-integration>. This source explains the happenings on September 1957, when the Governor of Arkansas blocked the entry of African American students into Central High school in Little Rock. He was in for a rude awakening when President Eisenhower brought in Federal troops to escort the students to class which certainly caused an uproar.
L. 2005 ed. Chicago: World Book, 2005. Print. Vol. 12 of The World Book Encyclopedia. 22 vols.
This source helped center around the happenings and main conflict in 1957 involving the Little Rock Nine. It focused on the main beginning to end of the ordeal and how it sparked the nation because of the segregation rights and Eisenhower's responsibility to send them to Central High.
"Little Rock desegregation crisis." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.
This source elaborates on the crisis thoroughly to help give a picture of what exactly happened that day Little Rock Nine were escorted to Central High. It grasps the idea that black were inferior to whites and even some sides of the government weren't on the same page like Governor Faubus and President Eisenhower when it came to segregation laws and obstruction of those orders.
"Little Rock Nine." Civil Rights in the United States. Ed. Waldo E. Martin, Jr. and Patricia Sullivan. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. U.S. History in Context. Web. 14 Jan. 2014.
This source is about Little Rock Nine and its heights in the Civil Rights movement. It became monumental to not only the town of Little Rock but to all over America. Highlighting on exactly what happened in September of 1957 in Central High School and what it resulted in.
Tompkins, Vincent, et al. American Decades. Detroit: Gale, 1994.
Print. This book source credited the incident of the Little Rock Nine desegregation at Central High School as a major issue in the 1950s. The nine student’s rights were violated for trying to gain an education at an all white high school.
Winters, Paul A. The Civil Rights Movement. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2000.
Print. This book source highlighted the civil rights violations from the incident among the Little Rock Nine. The event sparked a controversy and would impact how rights would be handled in the future with a responsible government response.
Primary Sources:
"Daisy Bates in the Little Rock Municipal Court, 1958. Bates’s involvement with the Arkansas NAACP..." Encyclopedia of Race and Racism. Ed. John Hartwell Moore. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008.
World History in Context. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. This image shows Daisy Bates in the Little Rock Municipal Court. Her involvement with the Little rock Nine and the NAACP led to her conviction for violating the "Bennett Ordinance".
Eisenhower, Dwight D. "Executive Order 10730." Social Policy: Essential Primary Sources. Ed. K. Lee Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, and Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2006. 222-225. World History in Context. Web. 15 Jan. 2014.
This source is written by Dwight D. Eisenhower talking about the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education and its impact of the public school system. One of which was Central High School in Little Rock Arkansas in 1957, highlighting the ups and downs it brought to the African American community.
"Elizabeth Echford of the Little Rock Nine." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America: Primary Documents. Ed. Jeffrey Lehman. Detroit: Gale Group, 2010. U.S. History in Context. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.
This source is about Elizabeth Echford who was one of the students who integrated into Central High School in Little Rock Arkansas. As an African American woman she was faced with many obstacles and going into an all white school was one of them.
"Integration of Central High School Audio." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.
<http://www.history.com/topics/central-high-school-integration/speeches#orval-faubus-prevents-little-rock-high-school-integration>. This source is a video on The Little Rock Nine of Arkansas, where the Governor explains his reasoning behind sending in Arkansas' National Guards to prevent the new African Americans to enter school grounds. Basically explaining why he did what he did, trying to justify his actions.
Leland, John, and Vern E. Smith. "Echoes of Little Rock." Newsweek 29 Sept. 1997: 52+. U.S. History in Context. Web. 15 Jan. 2014.
This source is a magazine from a database that highlights the perspectives of what the brave nine students as a crowning of early victory for the civil right movement. Its useful because it shows what they went through and where they ended up due to the controversial action imposed by those nine who risked their lives for their rights.
"The Little Rock Nine." The Constitution and Supreme Court. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 2010.
American Journey. U.S. History in Context. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. This source helped to explain the reasoning of governor Faubus's actions to bar black student from Central High. His defiance to allow the nine black students permission to attend school goes to show how little rights blacks had even when it came an education. He had to take responsibility for his actions and obstruction in face of President Eisenhower.
"The Long Shadow of Little Rock: A Memoir." American Decades Primary Sources. Ed. Cynthia Rose. Vol. 6: 1950-1959. Detroit: Gale, 2004.
139-143. U.S. History in Context. Web. 15 Jan. 2014. This source is about Daisy Bates who personal counseled the 9 African Americans of Central High School and in depth, found out their true feelings and obstacles. She analyzed and listened to how deep the hole of segregation hurt them as well as made them stronger.
Nasstrom, Kathryn L. "Elizabeth and Hazel: Two Women of Little Rock." Journal of Southern History 79.4 (2013): 1013+. World History in Context. Web. 15 Jan. 2014.
This source puts a spotlight on two girls from the Little Rock Nine which is useful to help convey their story and emotions more to an audience. It explains the aftermath of the crisis and how it may have two different stories from both sides because there isn't one true statement due to lack of documentation.
Maria Arellano
Madison O’canto
Period: 3
Annotated Bibliography
Secondary sources:
Boyer, Paul S. The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People. 6th ed. Boston: Houghton, 2008. Print.
This source laid out the events leading up to the forced desegregation of the Little Rock Nine. The Election of 1952 with Eisenhower taking office led to his big civil rights movement act to allow the students to be permitted. He was responsible for enacting the movement paying the way for future laws of having every persons rights not obstructed, especially with voting, no matter their race.
Brown, Robbie. "Jefferson Thomas, 67; helped integrate Little Rock school." New York Times 7 Sept. 2010: A18(L). World History in Context. Web. 15 Jan. 2014.
This source tells the story of Jefferson Thomas who was one of the 9 students to transfer to an all white school in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957. The article explains the story of his life and journey through the struggle of the segregation as well as explaining the places it lead him later on in his life.
"Daisy Lee Bates." Civil Rights in the United States. Ed. Waldo E. Martin, Jr. and Patricia Sullivan. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. U.S. History in Context. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.
This source is about Civil Rights activist Daisy Lee Bates widow of L.C. bates, explaining her struggle with her work with counseling the students of the Little Rock 9. The challenges and successes are all gathered within the article in order to focus on how she contributed towards the stories told of the students.
"Integration of Central High School." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.
<http://www.history.com/topics/central-high-school-integration>. This source explains the happenings on September 1957, when the Governor of Arkansas blocked the entry of African American students into Central High school in Little Rock. He was in for a rude awakening when President Eisenhower brought in Federal troops to escort the students to class which certainly caused an uproar.
L. 2005 ed. Chicago: World Book, 2005. Print. Vol. 12 of The World Book Encyclopedia. 22 vols.
This source helped center around the happenings and main conflict in 1957 involving the Little Rock Nine. It focused on the main beginning to end of the ordeal and how it sparked the nation because of the segregation rights and Eisenhower's responsibility to send them to Central High.
"Little Rock desegregation crisis." American History. ABC-CLIO, 2014. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.
This source elaborates on the crisis thoroughly to help give a picture of what exactly happened that day Little Rock Nine were escorted to Central High. It grasps the idea that black were inferior to whites and even some sides of the government weren't on the same page like Governor Faubus and President Eisenhower when it came to segregation laws and obstruction of those orders.
"Little Rock Nine." Civil Rights in the United States. Ed. Waldo E. Martin, Jr. and Patricia Sullivan. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. U.S. History in Context. Web. 14 Jan. 2014.
This source is about Little Rock Nine and its heights in the Civil Rights movement. It became monumental to not only the town of Little Rock but to all over America. Highlighting on exactly what happened in September of 1957 in Central High School and what it resulted in.
Tompkins, Vincent, et al. American Decades. Detroit: Gale, 1994.
Print. This book source credited the incident of the Little Rock Nine desegregation at Central High School as a major issue in the 1950s. The nine student’s rights were violated for trying to gain an education at an all white high school.
Winters, Paul A. The Civil Rights Movement. San Diego: Greenhaven, 2000.
Print. This book source highlighted the civil rights violations from the incident among the Little Rock Nine. The event sparked a controversy and would impact how rights would be handled in the future with a responsible government response.
Primary Sources:
"Daisy Bates in the Little Rock Municipal Court, 1958. Bates’s involvement with the Arkansas NAACP..." Encyclopedia of Race and Racism. Ed. John Hartwell Moore. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2008.
World History in Context. Web. 12 Feb. 2014. This image shows Daisy Bates in the Little Rock Municipal Court. Her involvement with the Little rock Nine and the NAACP led to her conviction for violating the "Bennett Ordinance".
Eisenhower, Dwight D. "Executive Order 10730." Social Policy: Essential Primary Sources. Ed. K. Lee Lerner, Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, and Adrienne Wilmoth Lerner. Detroit: Gale, 2006. 222-225. World History in Context. Web. 15 Jan. 2014.
This source is written by Dwight D. Eisenhower talking about the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education and its impact of the public school system. One of which was Central High School in Little Rock Arkansas in 1957, highlighting the ups and downs it brought to the African American community.
"Elizabeth Echford of the Little Rock Nine." Gale Encyclopedia of Multicultural America: Primary Documents. Ed. Jeffrey Lehman. Detroit: Gale Group, 2010. U.S. History in Context. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.
This source is about Elizabeth Echford who was one of the students who integrated into Central High School in Little Rock Arkansas. As an African American woman she was faced with many obstacles and going into an all white school was one of them.
"Integration of Central High School Audio." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 26 Jan. 2014.
<http://www.history.com/topics/central-high-school-integration/speeches#orval-faubus-prevents-little-rock-high-school-integration>. This source is a video on The Little Rock Nine of Arkansas, where the Governor explains his reasoning behind sending in Arkansas' National Guards to prevent the new African Americans to enter school grounds. Basically explaining why he did what he did, trying to justify his actions.
Leland, John, and Vern E. Smith. "Echoes of Little Rock." Newsweek 29 Sept. 1997: 52+. U.S. History in Context. Web. 15 Jan. 2014.
This source is a magazine from a database that highlights the perspectives of what the brave nine students as a crowning of early victory for the civil right movement. Its useful because it shows what they went through and where they ended up due to the controversial action imposed by those nine who risked their lives for their rights.
"The Little Rock Nine." The Constitution and Supreme Court. Woodbridge, CT: Primary Source Media, 2010.
American Journey. U.S. History in Context. Web. 26 Jan. 2014. This source helped to explain the reasoning of governor Faubus's actions to bar black student from Central High. His defiance to allow the nine black students permission to attend school goes to show how little rights blacks had even when it came an education. He had to take responsibility for his actions and obstruction in face of President Eisenhower.
"The Long Shadow of Little Rock: A Memoir." American Decades Primary Sources. Ed. Cynthia Rose. Vol. 6: 1950-1959. Detroit: Gale, 2004.
139-143. U.S. History in Context. Web. 15 Jan. 2014. This source is about Daisy Bates who personal counseled the 9 African Americans of Central High School and in depth, found out their true feelings and obstacles. She analyzed and listened to how deep the hole of segregation hurt them as well as made them stronger.
Nasstrom, Kathryn L. "Elizabeth and Hazel: Two Women of Little Rock." Journal of Southern History 79.4 (2013): 1013+. World History in Context. Web. 15 Jan. 2014.
This source puts a spotlight on two girls from the Little Rock Nine which is useful to help convey their story and emotions more to an audience. It explains the aftermath of the crisis and how it may have two different stories from both sides because there isn't one true statement due to lack of documentation.